A health care issue that has been in the news lately is the computerization of health records. This possibility is being approached cautiously because of sensitive privacy and security concerns, among others. [We address such concerns in later exercises.] Computerizing health records could make it easier for patients to share their health profiles and histories among their various health care professionals. This could improve the qualiry of health care, help avoid drug conflicts and erroneous drug prescriptions, reduce costs and, in emergencies, could save lives. In this exercise, you'll design a "starter" Heal thProfile class for a person. The class attributes should include the person's first name, last name, gender, date of birth (consisting of separate attributes for the month, day and year of birth), height (in inches) and weight (in pounds). Your class should have a constructor that receives this data. For each attribute, provide set and \(g e t\) methods. The class also should include methods that calculate and return the user's age in years, maximum heart rate and target-heart-rate range (see Exercise 3.16 ), and body mass index (BMI; see Exercise 2.33 ). Write a Java application that prompts for the person's information, instantiates an object of class Heal thProfile for that person and prints the information from that object- including the person's first name, last name, gender, date of birth, height and weight- then calculates and prints the person's age in years, BMI, maximum heart rate and target-heart-rate range. It should also display the BMI values chart from Exercise 2.33

Step by step solution

01

Define the HealthProfile Class

Create a class named HealthProfile with the following private attributes: firstName, lastName, gender, birthMonth, birthDay, birthYear, heightInInches, and weightInPounds. Include a constructor that initializes these attributes.

02

Create Set and Get Methods

For each attribute in the HealthProfile class, create a 'set' method to allow updating the attribute and a 'get' method to retrieve its value. For example, provide setFirstName(String firstName) and getFirstName() methods.

03

Calculate Age in Years

Add a method to calculate the user's age in years based on the current date and the user's birth date. Use the birthMonth, birthDay, and birthYear attributes to compute the age.

04

Calculate Maximum Heart Rate

Add a method to calculate the maximum heart rate by subtracting the user's age from 220. This is a commonly used formula for estimating a person's maximum heart rate.

05

Calculate Target-Heart-Rate Range

Incorporate methods to calculate the target-heart-rate range, which is typically 50-85% of the maximum heart rate. Return this range as a string or a two-element array.

06

Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)

Add a method to calculate the BMI using the formula: BMI = (weightInPounds * 703) / (heightInInches * heightInInches).

07

Create the Java Application

Write a Java program that prompts the user for their personal information, creates an instance of HealthProfile with this data, and displays the user's first name, last name, gender, date of birth, height, weight, age, BMI, maximum heart rate, and target heart rate range.

08

Display the BMI Values Chart

Finally, include in the program output the BMI values chart for reference. The chart shows categories like 'Underweight', 'Normal', 'Overweight', and 'Obese' along with the corresponding BMI ranges.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Java Programming Education

Java is a widely-used programming language acclaimed for its versatility and compatibility across different platforms. When delving into Java programming education, the first step is understanding the basics of syntax and semantics. For instance, in the HealthProfile class example, a student must discern the use of classes, methods, and objects.

Classes serve as blueprints for creating objects, which are instances of classes. Methods within a class are blocks of code that perform specific tasks, like calculating BMI. In learning Java, students move from elementary concepts, such as variables and data types, to more advanced object-oriented programming features like encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance, all of which enable the creation of robust and secure applications, like those used for managing health information.

Object-oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a paradigm centered around objects rather than actions. The key principles include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation is demonstrated through the HealthProfile class by keeping its attributes private and providing public set and get methods to interact with the data safely. This leads to better data integrity and security, important factors in health information systems.

Inheritance allows new classes to adopt the properties of existing ones, enabling code reusability and efficiency. Although not explicitly highlighted in the HealthProfile example, it’s a crucial aspect when extending functionality. Polymorphism allows for methods to be used in different contexts, adding to the flexibility of the code.

Health Information Systems

Health information systems are increasingly reliant on technology. In our HealthProfile example, managing a patient's data digitally embodies a fundamental application within these systems. It's crucial for such systems to be reliable, secure, and user-friendly to ensure the safe handling of sensitive patient information.

Developing classes like HealthProfile is a fundamental step towards creating comprehensive digital health records. By customizing and extending such classes, developers can integrate various health-related data points, such as medical history or prescription details. This technologically supported approach can enhance patient care coordination and data accessibility for healthcare providers while safeguarding patient privacy.

BMI Calculation in Java

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. In Java, you can calculate BMI using a simple formula encapsulated in a method. As part of the BMI calculation in Java, the code for computing BMI might look like:

public double calculateBMI() {
return (weightInPounds * 703) / (heightInInches * heightInInches);
}
Through this method in the HealthProfile class, we encapsulate the logic for calculating BMI, demonstrating Java's ability to manage health-related calculations efficiently. Additionally, displaying a BMI chart provides users with valuable context for understanding their health metrics, aligning with the educational goal of aiding user comprehension.