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Chapter 4: Problem 3

Write four different Java statements that each add 1 to integer variable \(x\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The four Java statements that each add 1 to integer variable x are: 'x++;', '++x;', 'x += 1;', and 'x = x + 1;'.

Step by step solution

01

Post-Increment Statement

Use the post-increment operator to increase the value of the variable by 1. This can be done with the expression 'x++;'. After this statement, 'x' will have its original value incremented by 1.
02

Pre-Increment Statement

Use the pre-increment operator to increase the value of the variable by 1 before it is used in any expression. This can be executed with the expression '++x;'. 'x' will have its value incremented by 1 immediately.
03

Addition Assignment Statement

Use the addition assignment operator to increase the variable by 1. This is written as 'x += 1;'. This way 'x' is increased by 1 and assigned the new value.
04

Simple Addition Statement

Simply add 1 to 'x' and assign it back to 'x'. This can be done with the statement 'x = x + 1;'. The right side is evaluated to one more than the original value of 'x', and then 'x' is updated with that new value.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Post-Increment Operator in Java
When learning Java, understanding the post-increment operator is essential. It's denoted by '++' following a variable, as in 'x++;'. The beauty of this operator lies in its simplicity – it increases the value of the variable by 1, but the increment occurs after the variable has been evaluated for any other operations in the expression.

For instance, if you have int x = 5; and you execute int y = x++;, y will be set to 5 while x will become 6 only after this line of code. The operator is often used in loops and whenever a variable needs to be incremented following its current usage.
Pre-Increment Operator in Java
Conversely to the post-increment, the pre-increment operator, indicated by '++' before a variable as in '++x;', increments the value before it's used in the statement. This difference is crucial when the variable is part of a more complex expression.

Using the earlier example, if you start with int x = 5; and then execute int y = ++x;, now y will be 6 as x is incremented before its value is assigned to y. Pre-increment is efficient in scenarios when the updated value is needed immediately.
Addition Assignment Operator
The addition assignment operator, expressed as '+=', serves as a shortcut for increasing a variable's value and then assigning the new value back to itself. The expression 'x += 1;' is functionally equivalent to 'x = x + 1;'.

In both cases, 'x' is increased by 1. However, the addition assignment operator enables us to write this operation in a more concise and readable manner. This operator is not limited to just adding 1; it can be used to add any value to a variable, making it a flexible tool in a developer's arsenal.
Arithmetic Expressions in Java
Arithmetic expressions in Java are used to calculate numerical results and adhere to well-known mathematical rules of precedence. In an expression with multiple operators, such as 'x = x + 1;', the addition is performed first, followed by the assignment.

When constructing arithmetic expressions, it's important to understand how different operators interact with each other. For example, 'x = x * (y + 2)' will add y and 2 together before multiplying the result by x due to the parentheses. Java's arithmetic expressions provide a foundational tool for performing a vast range of mathematical calculations within the language.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What type of repetition would be appropriate for calculating the sum of the first 100 positive integers? What type would be appropriate for calculating the sum of an arbitrary number of positive integers? Briefly describe how each of these tasks could be performed.

Compare and contrast the if single-selection statement and the while repetition statement. How are these two statements similar? How are they different?

Perform each of the following steps: a) Read the problem statement. b) Formulate the algorithm using pseudocode and top-down, stepwise refinement. c) Write a Java program. d) Test, debug and execute the Java program. e) Process three complete sets of data. Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip. The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the data from the user.

Describe the two ways in which control statements can be combined.

The factorial of a nonnegative integer \(n\) is written as \(n !\) (pronounced " \(n\) factorial") and is defined as follows: \(n !=n \cdot(n-1) \cdot(n-2) \cdot \ldots \cdot 1 \quad(\text { for values of } n \text { greater than or equal to } 1)\) and \(n !=1 \quad(\text { for } n=0)\) For example, \(5 !=5 \cdot 4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1,\) which is 120 a) Write an application that reads a nonnegative integer and computes and prints its factorial. b) Write an application that estimates the value of the mathematical constant \(e\) by using the following formula. Allow the user to enter the number of terms to calculate. \(e=1+\frac{1}{1 !}+\frac{1}{2 !}+\frac{1}{3 !}+\ldots\) c) Write an application that computes the value of \(e^{x}\) by using the following formula. Allow the user to enter the number of terms to calculate. \(e^{x}=1+\frac{x}{1 !}+\frac{x^{2}}{2 !}+\frac{x^{3}}{3 !}+\ldots\)
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