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Chapter 7: Problem 6

Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) One-dimensional array p contains four elements. The names of those elements are _______,________,________ and ________. b) Naming an array, stating its type and specifying the number of dimensions in the array is called ________ the array. c) In a two-dimensional array, the first index identifies the ____________ of an element and the second index identifies the ____________ of an element. d) An m-by-n array contains ______ rows, ___________ columns and ________ elements. e) The name of the element in row 3 and column 5 of array d is .___________.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3] b) Declaring c) row, column d) m rows, n columns, m*n elements e) d[2][4] or d[3][5], depending on the language's indexing.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Array Elements

Since the array 'p' contains four elements and is one-dimensional, the elements are referred to by a single index. Array indices start at 0 in most programming languages, so the elements would be named p[0], p[1], p[2], and p[3].
02

Defining Array Declaration

The process of naming an array, stating its type, and specifying the number of dimensions is referred to as declaring the array.
03

Understanding Two-Dimensional Array Indexing

In a two-dimensional array, the first index usually identifies the row of an element, and the second index identifies the column of an element.
04

Describing an m-by-n Array

In an m-by-n array, 'm' refers to the number of rows, 'n' refers to the number of columns, and the total number of elements is the product of rows and columns, which is m * n.
05

Accessing Elements in Two-Dimensional Arrays

The name of the specific element located at row 3 and column 5 in a two-dimensional array 'd' would be d[3][5] in most zero-indexed languages, or d[2][4] if the language uses zero-based indexing. The exact naming may vary depending on the programming language's indexing conventions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

One-dimensional Array
Arrays in programming are used to store multiple values of a similar data type. Understanding the basic concept of an array is essential, especially when learning a language like Java. A one-dimensional array, often simply called an array, is a collection of elements where each element can be accessed by its index.

Think of a one-dimensional array as a row of mailboxes. Each mailbox can hold a piece of mail (an element) and has a unique number (an index) starting from 0. In Java, if you have an array named p with four elements, these elements are accessed using p[0], p[1], p[2], and p[3]. Remember, the indexing starts with 0, not 1, which is a common convention in many programming languages.
Two-dimensional Array
A step-up from one-dimensional arrays are two-dimensional arrays. These are like a grid or a matrix. Visualize it as a chessboard, where you can identify each spot with a pair of coordinates, one for the row and one for the column.

In Java, a two-dimensional array holds one-dimensional arrays as its elements. This means that every element in a two-dimensional array is itself an array. For instance, an element in row 1, column 2 of a two-dimensional array a would be called a[1][2] in a zero-indexed language like Java.
Array Elements
The individual items stored in an array are called elements. Each element in an array has a unique identifier known as its index. The data type of array elements must be specified during the declaration and all elements must be of that same type.

If you have a one-dimensional array, each element is identified by a single index. In a two-dimensional array, you would need two indexes to identify an element: one for the row and one for the column. It's similar to giving an address, where the index points to the exact location of that element within the array structure.
Declaring Arrays in Java
Declaring an array in Java is the first step to using it. The declaration involves specifying the type of data the array will hold and the size of the array. For a one-dimensional array, you declare it like this: int[] myArray;. For a two-dimensional array, it would be: int[][] myMatrix;.

Once declared, arrays also need to be instantiated, unless they're explicitly initialized. Instantiation is done with the new keyword, for example, myArray = new int[4]; to create an array of four integers.
Array Indexing
Array indexing is how you access or modify the elements of an array. In Java, like most programming languages, arrays are zero-indexed, which means the first element of an array is at index 0. The second element is at index 1, and so on.

To retrieve or set the value of an array element, you use the array name followed by the index in square brackets. For example, myArray[0] = 10; sets the first element of myArray to 10. Keep in mind that trying to access an index outside the range of an array will result in an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Duplicate Elimination) Use a one-dimensional array to solve the following problem: Write an application that inputs five numbers, each between 10 and 100 , inclusive. As each number is read, display it only if it's not a duplicate of a number already read. Provide for the "worst case," in which all five numbers are different. Use the smallest possible array to solve this problem. Display the complete set of unique values input after the user enters each new value.

(Polling) The Internet and the web are enabling more people to network, join a cause, voice opinions, and so on. Recent presidential candidates have used the Internet intensively to get out their messages and raise money for their campaigns. In this exercise, you'll write a simple polling program that allows users to rate five social-consciousness issues from 1 (least important) to 10 (most important). Pick five causes that are important to you (e.g., political issues, global environmental issues). Use a one-dimensional array topics (of type String) to store the five causes. To summarize the survey responses, use a 5 -row, 10 -column two-dimensional array responses (of type int \(),\) each row corresponding to an element in the topics array. When the program runs, it should ask the user to rate each issue. Have your friends and family respond to the survey. Then have the program display a summary of the results, including: a) \(A\) tabular report with the five topics down the left side and the 10 ratings across the top, listing in each column the number of ratings received for each topic. b) To the right of each row, show the average of the ratings for that issue. c) Which issue received the highest point total? Display both the issue and the point total. d) Which issue received the lowest point total? Display both the issue and the point total.

Perform the following tasks for an array called fractions: a) Declare a constant ARRAY_SIZE that's initialized to 10 b) Declare an array with ARRAY_SIZE elements of type double, and initialize the elements to 0. c) Refer to array element 4 d) Assign the value 1.667 to array element 9 e) Assign the value 3.333 to array element 6 f) Sum all the elements of the array, using a for statement. Declare the integer variable \(x\) as a control variable for the loop.

(Variable-Length Argument List) Write an application that calculates the product of a series of integers that are passed to method product using a variable-length argument list. Test your method with several calls, each with a different number of arguments.

Write statements that perform the following one-dimensional-array operations: a) Set the 10 elements of integer array counts to zero. b) Add one to each of the 15 elements of integer array bonus. c) Display the five values of integer array bestscores in column format.
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