Explain what publ ic: and private: do in a class definition. In particular, explain why we do not just make everything public: and save difficulty in access.

Question: Explain the importance of encapsulation and the difference between public and private access specifiers in a class definition. Answer: In a class definition, public and private access specifiers define the accessibility and visibility of class members. Public access specifier allows class members to be accessible from any part of the code, even outside the class, providing flexibility but potentially leading to unintended data manipulation. On the other hand, private access specifier restricts access to class members, making them accessible only within the same class, promoting encapsulation and preventing unauthorized data manipulation. Encapsulation is the process of bundling data and methods within a class and restricting outside access to the internal details, thereby maintaining data integrity, preventing unwanted side effects, and improving overall code structure. Although making everything public might simplify access, it breaks encapsulation, leading to code that is more error-prone, difficult to maintain, and insecure.