Why is selection sort more efficient than bubble sort on large arrays?

Before diving into the comparison, let's briefly review these two sorting algorithms. Selection Sort: 1. Find the minimum element in the array and swap it with the first element. 2. Find the minimum element in the remaining array (excluding the first sorted element) and swap it with the second element. 3. Repeat this process until the entire array is sorted. Bubble Sort: 1. Compare each pair of adjacent elements in the array. 2. If the elements are out of order, swap them. 3. Repeat this process for the entire array until no more swaps are needed. Now, let's compare the time complexities.

Selection Sort has the same time complexity for all three scenarios. Best-case: O(n^2) Average-case: O(n^2) Worst-case: O(n^2) In each iteration of selection sort, it scans the remaining unsorted array to find the minimum element and performs one swap. This results in quadratic time complexity in all cases.

Bubble Sort has different time complexities for the best-case, average-case, and worst-case scenarios. Best-case: O(n) Average-case: O(n^2) Worst-case: O(n^2) Bubble Sort can have linear time complexity in the best-case scenario if the array is already sorted. In this case, there would be no need for any swaps, and the algorithm would just verify that the array is sorted. However, bubble sort's average and worst-case scenarios are both O(n^2).

Now, comparing both algorithms' time complexities: Best-case: Selection Sort – O(n^2) Bubble Sort – O(n) Average-case: Selection Sort – O(n^2) Bubble Sort – O(n^2) Worst-case: Selection Sort – O(n^2) Bubble Sort – O(n^2) From the time complexities, it seems that bubble sort is better for the best-case scenario, while both algorithms seem equally efficient in the average and worst-case scenarios.

Although both selection sort and bubble sort have the same O(n^2) complexity in the average and worst-case scenarios, the critical difference is in the number of swaps performed. Selection sort performs at most n swaps, regardless of the array size, while the number of swaps in bubble sort is potentially much larger, especially in the case of large arrays or arrays with many inversions. In conclusion, selection sort is more efficient than bubble sort on large arrays due to fewer swaps performed, minimizing the impact of swapping operations on the overall performance. Even though their time complexities are the same, the reduced number of total swaps leads to a faster execution time for selection sort compared to bubble sort when handling large arrays.