When does static binding take place? When does dynamic binding take place?

Provide examples. Answer: Static binding, also known as early binding or compile-time binding, takes place when the method to be called is determined during the compile time. It occurs in situations such as non-overridden or non-abstract method calls, overloaded methods, accessing instance variables, and when a method or variable is declared as static or final. For example, in Java: ```java class Example { static int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } public static void main(String[] args) { int result = Example.add(10, 20); System.out.println("Sum: " + result); } } ``` Dynamic binding, also known as late binding or runtime binding, takes place when the method to be called is determined during the runtime of the program. It occurs in situations such as overridden method calls in a subclass and when an object's actual type is determined at runtime using polymorphism. For example, in Java: ```java class Animal { void makeSound() { System.out.println("The animal makes a sound"); } } class Dog extends Animal { @Override void makeSound() { System.out.println("The dog barks"); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Animal myAnimal = new Dog(); myAnimal.makeSound(); } } ```