Chapter 16: Problem 12

What STL algorithm randomly shuffles the elements in a container?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer: The STL algorithm used to randomly shuffle elements within a container is the `std::shuffle` function. A simple example of its usage is as follows: ```cpp #include #include #include #include #include int main() { std::vector numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Initialize a random number generator with the current time as seed. std::default_random_engine random_engine(std::time(0)); // Shuffle the elements within the container using std::shuffle. std::shuffle(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), random_engine); // Print the shuffled elements. for (const int& num : numbers) { std::cout << num << " "; } return 0; } ``` In this example, a vector of integers is initialized and then shuffled randomly using `std::shuffle`. The shuffled elements are then printed, demonstrating the randomness of their order.

Step by step solution

Identify the STL Algorithm

The STL algorithm that randomly shuffles the elements in a container is the `std::shuffle` function. It is utilized to reorder the elements in a container randomly.

Syntax of std::shuffle

The syntax for using the `std::shuffle` function is as follows: ``` template void shuffle(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, URNG&& g); ``` Where: - `RandomIt` represents the type of the random iterator (usually obtained through the container's `begin()` and `end()` functions). - `first` and `last` are the iterators defining the range of elements to shuffle in the container. - `URNG` is the type of the uniform random number generator. - `g` is the random number generator instance or an rvalue reference to it, used to generate the random order.

Required Header

You need to include the following headers to use `std::shuffle`: ``` #include // For the std::shuffle function #include // For using random number generators ```

Example Usage

Here's a simple example demonstrating the use of `std::shuffle` to randomly shuffle elements within a container: ``` #include #include #include #include #include int main() { std::vector numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Initialize a random number generator with the current time as seed. std::default_random_engine random_engine(std::time(0)); // Shuffle the elements within the container using std::shuffle. std::shuffle(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), random_engine); // Print the shuffled elements. for (const int& num : numbers) { std::cout << num << " "; } return 0; } ``` This code snippet initializes a vector of integers and then shuffles its elements randomly using `std::shuffle`. The shuffled elements are then printed, demonstrating the randomness of their order.

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What STL algorithm randomly shuffles the elements in a container?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the STL Algorithm

Syntax of std::shuffle

Required Header

Example Usage

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