To use a vector, you must include the vector header file.

Working with vectors in C++ begins by incorporating the vector library into your program. The vector library is a part of the C++ Standard Template Library (STL) and can be integrated by including its header at the top of your code file with the directive #include <vector>. Adding this line is essential, as it provides access to the `vector` container, enabling dynamic array capabilities. Vectors are versatile tools in C++, especially for managing lists of elements that need to change size dynamically, unlike fixed-size arrays.

Vectors store elements contiguously, which allows for efficient access and manipulation of elements through iterators or using common member functions like `push_back`, `pop_back`, `insert`, `erase`, and more. Maintaining their data as an automatically resizing array, vectors handle size adjustments internally, letting you focus on the logical part of your program.

One of the key advantages of vectors in C++ is that they function as dynamic arrays. This means they have the ability to automatically resize to fit their contents, unlike static arrays where the size must be defined at compile time and cannot be altered. With dynamic arrays, new elements can be appended, and memory is managed automatically. Vectors manage their storage space such that when more elements are added and the pre-allocated memory is exceeded, they will allocate a larger chunk of memory and move the elements to the new space.

Using dynamic arrays like vectors significantly simplifies memory management in C++ programs and prevents common errors related to managing dynamic memory allocation, such as memory leaks or buffer overflows. Furthermore, the `std::vector` allocates its memory in contiguous storage locations, which means iterating through a vector is as fast as iterating through an array.

Vectors are part of a wider group of data structures known as standard library containers in C++. These containers are designed to hold and manage objects of a given type. The STL provides a variety of containers, such as `std::array`, `std::list`, `std::map`, `std::set`, and, of course, `std::vector`, each with its own specific uses and benefits.

Containers in the C++ standard library are highly optimized for performance and provide a level of abstraction that allows developers to handle data without worrying about low-level memory and pointer management. They come with a rich set of member functions that can manipulate the data held within. Vectors, in particular, offer a balance of dynamic size adjustment and direct element access, rendering them as one of the most frequently used container types.

Every C++ program is structured around functions, with the most essential being the `main` function, where program execution begins. The basic structure includes preprocessor directives at the top, used to include headers like #include <iostream> and #include <vector>, which bring in necessary functionalities from the standard library.

The C++ program typically has one or more user-defined functions besides `main`, and the execution of these functions is sequenced in a way that follows the program's logic. Good programming practice involves organizing code into logical blocks or modules that follow the program's intended behavior. These blocks could be functions, classes, namespaces, and other constructs that promote readability, maintainability, and reusability.