Suppose in an economy the income from the private sector is $$\$ 1,550$$ million. The government in this country may choose either to levy a \(5 \%\) sales tax or to levy an income tax to finance its expenditures. It balances its budget. What is the National Product of this economy, its National Income, and its Disposable Income under both proposed tax systems?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Under the 5% sales tax system, the National Product (NP) can be calculated using the given private sector income and the equation \(1,550 = 0.95 * NP\). Solving for NP, we find that the National Product is \(1,631.58 million\). Since there is no income tax, the Disposable Income is equal to the National Income, which is also \(1,631.58 million\). In the case of the income tax system, the National Product is equal to the private sector income plus government expenditures. We also know that the tax revenue is equal to the income tax rate multiplied by the National Income (NI). By setting up the equations and plugging in the values, it will be possible to determine the values of NP and Disposable Income under this tax system. In conclusion, the National Product, National Income, and Disposable Income under the two tax systems can be calculated using the given information and equations. The 5% sales tax system results in \(1,631.58 million\) for both the National Product and Disposable Income. The income tax system requires further calculations to determine these values.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the terms

National Product: The total value of goods and services produced by a country's residents in a given year. National Income: The sum of all income in the economy, including wages, rents, interest, and profits. Disposable Income: The amount left over after taxes have been deducted, which individuals can spend on consumption or save.
02

Calculate National Product under Sales Tax

In this tax system, the government levies a 5% sales tax. Since the government balances its budget, the tax revenue from the sales tax equals government expenditures. Let's denote the National Product as NP. The equation can be expressed as: \[NP = private\_sector\_income + government\_expenditures\] Since the sales tax is on the transactions, the private sector receives 95% of the National Product. \[private\_sector\_income = 0.95 * NP\] We know that the private sector income is $1,550 million, so we can find NP. \[1,550 = 0.95 * NP\]
03

Calculate National Product under Income Tax

Now, let's denote the National Income as NI. For the income tax system, the government's tax revenue is directly taken from the National Income. From the balanced budget, the equation can be expressed as: \[government\_expenditures = tax\_revenue\] We know that the private sector income is $1,550 million. \[NI - tax\_revenue = 1,550\] It's important to note that since it's an income tax, the tax rate will be applied to the National Income to calculate the tax revenue. \[tax\_revenue = income\_tax\_rate * NI\] Now, we need to find the National Product (NP) by plugging the values back into the equation mentioned in step 2. \[NP = private\_sector\_income + government\_expenditures\]
04

Calculate Disposable Income under both tax systems

Disposable Income can be calculated as National Income minus tax revenue. For the sales tax system: \[disposable\_income = national\_income\] For the income tax system: \[disposable\_income = (1 - income\_tax\_rate) * national\_income\] Now, we have all the information needed to find the values of National Product, National Income, and Disposable Income under both tax systems.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose the following data are available for an economy (figures in billions of dollars) \- Compensation of Employees 642 \- Income Taxes 116 \- Capital Consumption Allowances 95 \- Income other than Compensation of Employees 209 \- Indirect Taxes 101 \- Net Investment 152 Further, it is known that there are no corporations, and all income is paid directly to persons; there are no transfer payments, there is a balanced budget; and government expenditure is exclusively on the provision of services to the economy. Calculate each of the following: 1\. Gross National Product (GNP) 2\. Net National Product (NNP) 3\. National Income (NI) 4\. Personal Income 5\. Disposable Personal Income 6\. Government Sector Gross Output 7\. Private Sector Gross Output 8\. Consumption Expenditure 9\. Gross Investment

What is the difference between money income and real income?

Why is it that interest payments on government bonds are not included as income currently earned, particularly, when interest on the bonds of private firms is included in national income as earned income?

Suppose that in the base year, GNP $$=\$ 1000$$ billion. Since the base year, money GNP has increased $$\$ 500$$ billion while real GNP has increased $$\$ 250$$ billion. What is the current price index? In which year is society better off? Why?

In a closed economy, there are four firms. The following diagram shows their sales. $$ \begin{array}{lccc} \text { Firm } & \text { Sells } & \text { To } & \text { For } \\ \text { Iron Mine Inc. } & \text { Iron One } & \text { United Steel Co. } & \$ 100 \\ \text { United Steel Co. } & \text { Steel } & \text { Acme Automobiles } & \$ 300 \\ \text { Acme Automobiles } & \text { Cars } & \text { Honest John's Car } & \\\ & & \text { Dealership } & \$ 500 \end{array} $$ Honest John's Car Dealership Cars Consumers $$\$ 1000$$ 1.) Calculate value added by each firm. 2.) Calculate GNP using both the value-added approach and the final goods approach. 3.) A value-added tax of \(10 \%\) is imposed. Calculate each firm's tax payment and tax receipts for the economy. 4.) Compare the results of a \(10 \%\) value-added tax with a \(10 \%\) sales tax imposed on final goods, is there a difference in total tax collected?

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