The United States is highly protective of its agricultural industry, imposing import tariffs, and sometimes quotas, on imports of agricultural goods. This chapter presented three arguments for trade protection. For each argument, discuss whether it is a valid justification for trade protection of U.S. agricultural products.

The three arguments for trade protection include: 1. Infant industry argument 2. Protection of domestic jobs 3. National security concerns

The infant industry argument suggests that trade barriers should be used to protect new and emerging industries until they become mature and competitive enough to survive on their own. However, the U.S. agricultural industry is not an infant industry. It is well-established and has been a major player in the global market for many years. Therefore, the infant industry argument is not a valid justification for trade protection of U.S. agricultural products.

The argument for protecting domestic jobs claims that import restrictions can help maintain employment levels in certain industries. In the case of U.S. agriculture, protecting domestic jobs may be a valid reason for imposing trade barriers, as the sector employs a large number of people. However, it is essential to consider the larger implications of such protectionist measures. For example, trade barriers could lead to higher food prices for consumers or provoke retaliatory trade barriers from other countries, which may negatively affect other industries within the U.S.

National security concerns are sometimes used as justification for trade protection, as relying too heavily on imports can make a country vulnerable to potential trade disruptions or geopolitical conflicts. In the case of the U.S. agricultural industry, maintaining a secure and stable food supply is crucial for the well-being of the nation. Therefore, one could argue that, to some extent, protecting agriculture through trade barriers is a valid justification in the interest of national security. However, it is important to strike a balance between ensuring food security and fostering free trade. In conclusion, of the three arguments for trade protection, the protection of domestic jobs and national security concerns may provide some valid justification for trade protection of U.S. agricultural products. However, the infant industry argument is not applicable. It is essential to carefully consider the implications of protectionist measures on consumers and other industries, as well as the potential impact on global trade relations.