Define a. developed country \mathbf. less-developed country c. population growth rate

When we talk about a developed country, we're referring to a nation with an established economic foundation, often marked by significant industrialization and advanced technology infrastructures. What truly sets apart these countries is the high quality of life their citizens enjoy, made possible by efficient health care systems, comprehensive educational opportunities, and stable governance.

Indicators such as a high gross domestic product (GDP), substantial gross national product (GNP), and increased per capita income play crucial roles in identifying these nations. Moreover, a developed country is characterized by high literacy rates and a significant level of employment in the tertiary sector, which provides services rather than goods. Investment in research and development is substantial, spurring innovation and solidifying a sophisticated economy.

It is essential to recognize that the high standard of living often found in these countries leads to a wide range of social services designed to support the population across various stages of life, from high-quality education systems to social welfare programs.

In contrast to their developed counterparts, a less-developed country typically grapples with a myriad of economic and social challenges. The landscape of these nations is defined by a lower level of industrial activity and frequently a heavy reliance on agricultural outputs as the backbone of the economy.

The metrics of GDP and GNP are markedly lower in these countries, alongside reduced per capita incomes — a reflection of the struggling economic circumstances. Moreover, lower literacy rates and a lack of extensive educational opportunities stymie the potential for development. Health care facilities often lack the resources seen in more affluent nations, contributing to a lower standard of living and heightened vulnerability to health crises.

However, it's important not to oversimplify the status of a less-developed country. They often exhibit a dynamic mix of attributes, with pockets of industrial advancement and growing sectors that promise the potential for future progress. International aid, development assistance, and policy reforms are frequently directed toward these regions to stimulate socioeconomic improvements.

The population growth rate is an essential demographic measurement that captures how quickly a population size changes over a period. It takes into account four main factors: births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. The calculation of the rate is critical as it bears direct consequences on planning and resource allocation for a country.

To compute the population growth rate, the following formula is applied: \[Population Growth Rate = \frac{((Birth rate + Immigration) - (Death rate + Emigration))}{Initial Population} \times 100\].Expressed as a percentage, this figure allows governments and institutions to grasp a clear picture of demographic trends. High population growth can signify burgeoning human capital and market potential, but without corresponding economic development, it may also lead to an escalation in unemployment, pressure on infrastructure, and inadequate access to education and health services.

This rate is also intertwined with a country's development status — less-developed countries often have higher population growth rates due to higher birth rates, while developed countries may experience lower or negative growth rates, reflecting different social and economic dynamics.