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Chapter 1: Q 1.2 (page 1)
Identify the three basic economic questions and the two opposing sets of answers.
The three questions are,
The two opposing sets of answers are,
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For each of the following approaches that an economist might follow in examining a decision-making process, identify whether the approach relies on the rationality assumption or on the assumption of bounded rationality:
(a) An economic study of the number of online searches that individuals conduct before selecting a particular item to purchase online presumes that people are interested only in their own satisfaction, pursue their ultimate objectives, and consider every relevant option.
(b) An economist seeking to predict the effect that an increase in a state's sales tax rate will have on consumers' purchases of goods and services resumes that people are limited in their ability to process information about how the sales-tax-rate increase will influence the after-tax prices those consumers will pay.
(c) To evaluate the impact of an increase in the range of choices that an individual confronts when deciding among devices for accessing the Internet, an economic researcher makes the assumption that the individual is unable to take into account every new Internet-access option available to her.
How will the long-run adjustment of Egyptian cotton supply from the elimination of the subsidy likely affect the number of suppliers - that is, Egyptian cotton farmers? Explain.
Centralized command and control prevail throughout a certain nation's economy. What three key economic questions have been addressed in this nation, and what has been the common element of the nation's answers to those questions?
Consider two models for estimating, in advance of an election, the shares of votes that will go to rival candidates. According to one model, pollsters’ surveys of a randomly chosen set of registered voters before an election can be used to forecast the percentage of votes that each candidate will receive. This first model relies on the assumption that unpaid survey respondents will give truthful responses about how they will vote and that they will actually cast a ballot in the election. The other model uses prices of financial assets (legally binding IOUs) issued by the Iowa Electronic Markets, operated by the University of Iowa, to predict electoral outcomes. The final payments received by owners of these assets, which can be bought or sold during the weeks and days preceding an election, depending on the shares of votes the candidates actually end up receiving. This second model assumes that owners of these assets wish to earn the highest possible returns, and it indicates that the market prices of these assets provide an indication of the percentage of votes that each candidate will actually receive on the day of the election.
(a) Which of these two models for forecasting electoral results is more firmly based on the rationality assumption of economics?
(b) How would an economist evaluate which is the better model for forecasting electoral outcomes?
Given the function , complete the following schedule and plot the curve.
| y | x |
| -4 | |
| -2 | |
| 0 | |
| 2 | |
| 4 |
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