Relate each of the following to the 1995–2010 increase in the trend rate of productivity growth:

a. information technology

b. increasing returns

c. network effects

d. global competition

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Information technology: The development of personal computers, the internet, wireless technology, fiber optic cable has increased the average productivity of workers from 1995 to 2010. The quality of human resources increased, which increased productivity growth.
  2. Increasing returns: Because of network effects and more specialized inputs (microchips), the rate of returns increased from 1995 to 2010, which promoted economic growth in this period.
  3. Network effects: The invention of the internet created a huge network effect for many of the products. It increased the quality of output in the economy. An increase in the quality of output promotes economic growth.
  4. Global competition: Many economies opened to the world between the years 1995 and 2010. It increased the global competition between firms, and the firms increased their efficiency factor.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Reason behind (a)

Information technology: Information technology has enhanced the productivity of workers through personal computers and the internet. It enabled many entrepreneurs to set up businesses from home and connect with their customers virtually.It increased workers' productivity levels from many sectors such as commerce, entertainment, travel & tourism, fashion, and many more.The output per hour of the economy increased between the periods of 1995-2010.

Thus, one can conclude that information technology increased workers' productivity level, which promoted economic growth.

02

Step 2. Reason behind (b)

Increasing returns:The invention of microchips decreased per unit cost in the manufacturing and service sectors.The development of the internet benefitted many entrepreneurs in lowering per-unit costs through network effects. Because of the development of specialized inputs like microchips and network effects, the entrepreneurs enjoyed increasing returns between the years 1995-2010.

The increasing returns from 1995-2010 promoted economic growth.

03

Step 3. Reason behind (c)

Network effects:Network effect refers to the phenomena under which the value of output for users increases with more users.Many entrepreneurs enjoyed the network effect in business after the invention of social media and e-commerce platforms between 1995-2010 because of the internet. It increased the quality of output in the economy.

An increase in the quality of output promoted economic growth for this period.

04

Step 4. Reason behind (d)

Global competition: In the years between 1995 and 2010, many countries opened countries for the global.Many countries that followed restricted market policies lifted their restrictions to gain the benefits of the global market.The competition between firms in the global market increased. To compete and survive in the global market, firms increased their efficiency level, which increased the efficiency factor of the economy.

An increase in the efficiency factor of the economy promotes economic growth. In this way, global competition paved economic growth from 1995 to 2010.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

True or False: If false, explain why.

a. Technological advance, which to date has played a relatively small role in U.S. economic growth, is destined to play a more important role in the future.

b. Many public capital goods are complementary to private capital goods.

c. immigration has slowed economic growth in the United States.

Refer to Figure 8.2 and assume that the values for points a, b, and c are \(10 billion, \)20 billion, and $18 billion, respectively. If the economy moves from point a to point b over a 10-year period, what must have been its annual rate of economic growth? If, instead, the economy was at point c at the end of the 10-year period, by what percentage did it fall short of its production capacity?

What is growth accounting? To what extent have increases in U.S. real GDP resulted from more labor inputs? From greater labor productivity? Rearrange the following contributors to the growth of productivity in order of their quantitative importance: economies of scale, quantity of capital per worker, improved resource allocation, education and training, and technological advance.

Why are some countries today much poorer than other countries? Are today’s poor countries destined to always be poorer than today’s rich countries? If so, explain why. If not, explain how today’s poor countries can catch up to or even pass today’s rich countries.

What annual growth rate is needed for a country to double its output in 7 years? In 35 years? In 70 years? In 140 years?

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