Chapter 12: Problem 25
What are the economic tradeoffs between lowincome and high-income countries in international conferences on global environmental damage?
Chapter 12: Problem 25
What are the economic tradeoffs between lowincome and high-income countries in international conferences on global environmental damage?
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Get started for freeConsider two approaches to reducing emissions of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) into the environment from manufacturing industries in the United States. In the first approach, the U.S. government makes it a policy to use only predetermined technologies. In the second approach, the U.S. government determines which technologies are cleaner and subsidizes their use. Of the two approaches, which is the command-and-control policy?
Identify the following situations as an example of a negative or a positive externality: a. You are a birder (bird watcher), and your neighbor has put up several birdhouses in the yard as well as planting trees and flowers that attract birds. b. Your neighbor paints his house a hideous color. c. Investments in private education raise your country's standard of living. d. Trash dumped upstream flows downstream right past your home. e. Your roommate is a smoker, but you are a nonsmoker.
Four firms called Elm, Maple, Oak, and Cherry, produce wooden chairs. However, they also produce a great deal of garbage (a mixture of glue, varnish, sandpaper, and wood scraps). The first row of Table 12.6 shows the total amount of garbage (in tons) that each firm currently produces. The other rows of the table show the cost of reducing garbage produced by the first five tons, the second five tons, and so on. First, calculate the cost of requiring each firm to reduce the weight of its garbage by one-fourth. Now, imagine that the government issues marketable permits for the current level of garbage, but the permits will shrink the weight of allowable garbage for each firm by one- fourth. What will be the result of this alternative approach to reducing pollution?
Can extreme levels of pollution hurt the economic development of a high-income country? Why or why not?
Suppose you want to put a dollar value on the external costs of carbon emissions from a power plant. What information or data would you obtain to measure the external [not social] cost?
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