Would you expect the presence of labor unions to lead to higher or lower pay for worker-members? Would you expect a higher or lower quantity of workers hired by those employers? Explain briefly.

Labor unions are organizations that represent workers' interests and act as an intermediary between workers and employers. They aim to improve the working conditions and negotiate higher wages for their members. In this exercise, we need to determine whether the presence of labor unions leads to higher or lower pay for worker-members and if it influences the number of workers hired.

Labor unions negotiate wages on behalf of their members, which could lead to higher wages compared to non-unionized workers. A higher wage rate may result from the bargaining power of the union, as they can consolidate the demands of their members and possibly form collective agreements with employers. Therefore, the presence of labor unions would typically lead to higher pay for worker-members due to their collective bargaining power.

The wages negotiated by labor unions will depend on the supply and demand of labor in the specific industry. When labor unions successfully negotiate higher wages for their members, it may cause an increase in labor costs for employers. Depending on the industry and the extent of the wage increase, employers might decide to hire fewer workers to reduce their overall labor costs, or they could substitute workers with capital resources such as machinery. In such a case, it could lead to a lower quantity of workers being hired. However, it's essential to consider that higher wages can also improve employee motivation, productivity, and decrease staff turnover, possibly offsetting the increased labor costs. In this scenario, the presence of labor unions may not significantly affect the quantity of workers being hired. The overall impact on the number of workers hired will be determined by various factors, including the elasticity of labor demand and the relative importance of the wage increases within the specific industry. In conclusion, the presence of labor unions generally leads to higher pay for worker-members due to their collective bargaining power. However, the impact on the quantity of workers hired depends on factors such as the industry, the elasticity of labor demand, and the extent to which higher wages affect employers' labor costs and worker productivity.