How can there be any economic gains for a country from both importing and exporting the same good, like cars?

Comparative advantage refers to the ability of a country or individual to produce a particular good at a lower opportunity cost than another country or individual. This concept is the backbone of international trade, as it explains why countries trade goods even when they may have a similar level of production capabilities.

A country may import and export cars because of a variety of factors, such as differences in technology, varying production costs, different natural resources, or consumer preferences for certain car models. These factors contribute to the comparative advantages that different countries have in producing cars, enabling them to specialize in certain types or models of vehicles.

Through specialization in producing cars based on their comparative advantage, countries can achieve economies of scale, which means they can produce a higher quantity of vehicles at a lower cost per unit. Furthermore, they can trade these specialized vehicles with other countries that may have a higher demand for that particular type of car or are less efficient in producing them.

Economies of scale occur when a company can reduce its average production cost by increasing the scale of production. In the context of car production, a country may have a comparative advantage in producing a specific type of vehicle or using a particular technology. By specializing in that production, they can achieve significant cost savings and improve efficiency.

Gains from trade are the benefits that countries obtain by engaging in international trade. In our case of cars, both importing and exporting contribute to a country's welfare through the following ways: 1. Obtaining vehicles that they are not efficient in producing 2. Selling vehicles they specialize in producing at a higher price to those countries with a higher demand or less efficiency in producing that type 3. Increased consumer choices due to the availability of a wider range of car models 4. Potential stimulation of economic growth through production specialization, technological advances, and knowledge exchange In conclusion, a country can have economic gains from both importing and exporting the same good like cars, due to their comparative advantage in producing specific types or models of vehicles, specialization, and the resulting gains from trade, including economies of scale and consumer benefits.