What is the difference between a fixed input and a variable input?

A fixed input is an input that remains constant or unchanged regardless of the level of production. These inputs cannot be easily adjusted in the short run, and are typically associated with capital items such as buildings, machinery, and land.

A variable input, on the other hand, is an input that can be adjusted or changed depending on the level of production. These inputs can be easily modified in the short run, and are usually associated with labor and raw materials.

The main difference between a fixed input and a variable input lies in their flexibility and responsiveness to changes in production levels. Fixed inputs remain constant, regardless of the level of production, while variable inputs can be altered based on the demand for the final product. Fixed inputs often require a larger initial investment, whereas variable inputs can be adjusted in the short run to minimize costs and maximize efficiency. For example, suppose you own a bakery. Your fixed inputs would include the building where the bakery is located, the ovens, and other essential baking equipment. These cannot be easily adjusted in the short run. However, the amount of flour and the number of employees you require are variable inputs, as you can easily adjust them depending on how much bread needs to be produced.