How does rational ignorance discourage voting?

Rational ignorance is a decision-making approach where an individual opts not to acquire more information on a topic because the costs (in terms of time, effort, or resources) of doing so outweigh the perceived benefits. In other words, rational ignorance occurs when a person believes that the payoff from obtaining additional information is not worth the cost of acquiring it.

In the context of voting, an individual might weigh the costs and benefits of casting a vote. Some costs include the time and effort involved in researching candidates and issues, traveling to the polling place, and waiting in line to vote. On the other hand, potential benefits include having a say in the political process and contributing to a desired outcome in the election.

Since a single vote in a large election is unlikely to be the deciding factor, a rational individual may see their individual vote as having very little influence on the outcome. This can discourage participation, as the perceived benefit of voting is reduced. In this case, the effort required to become informed and cast a vote may be seen as having a low probability of impacting the final results, making it not worth the cost. This leads to low voter turnout and can result in less informed populations.

Low voter turnout due to rational ignorance can have several implications for democracy. If a significant portion of the population chooses not to engage in the political process, the government's decisions may not accurately represent the will and interests of the people. Furthermore, this situation can lead to political apathy, where individuals feel like their voices do not matter in the political landscape. In summary, rational ignorance discourages voting by causing individuals to evaluate the costs and benefits of participating in an election. Considering that a single vote is unlikely to be a deciding factor, many people may choose not to vote, as they perceive the effort required to become informed and cast a vote as not worth the investment. This can potentially lead to lower voter turnout and a less representative political system.