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Chapter 5: Problem 15

To understand how the rocks formed in the middle Miocene period we have to look forward and backward through the distinctive layered patterns of the sediment. A. to look forward and backward B. to look forward and backwards C. to look forwards and backward D. to look fore and aft E. to look before and back

Short Answer

Expert verified
A. to look forward and backward

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Context

The sentence is discussing examining rock formations from multiple perspectives in time, both past ('backward') and future ('forward').
02

Analyze Correct Usage of Words

Examine the provided options for their grammatical correctness and common usage patterns in the English language.
03

Review Each Option

A. 'to look forward and backward' - both 'forward' and 'backward' are simple and correct.B. 'to look forward and backwards' - correct but 'backward' is more standard.C. 'to look forwards and backward' - inconsistent use of 's' with 'forwards'.D. 'to look fore and aft' - typically used in nautical contexts, not appropriate here.E. 'to look before and back' - does not align well with the intended meaning.
04

Select the Best Option

Option A, 'to look forward and backward,' is the most correct and standard English phrasing.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

grammar correction
Grammar correction helps ensure sentences are both clear and correctly structured. In this exercise, we correct the phrase to maintain proper grammar. The key issue is identifying the correct usage of 'forward and backward'. The phrase 'to look forward and backward' uses the simple, standard forms of these directional terms, maintaining grammatical consistency.
The other options demonstrate pitfalls in grammar:
  • 'Forward and backwards' mixes a standard form with a less common variant.
  • 'Forwards and backward' is inconsistent with the inclusion of the 's' in only one direction.
  • 'Fore and aft' refers to nautical directions, making it contextually irrelevant here.
  • 'Before and back' mishandles the sentence's intended temporal direction.
Understanding how to correct these errors will enhance your sentence construction skills and clarity in communication.
sentence analysis
Sentence analysis is an essential skill for the GMAT and ensures proper understanding of each sentence structure. In this exercise, the analysis begins by interpreting the context, which involves examining rock formations over time. The critical part here is how each phrase conveys the intended meaning.
We must scrutinize each option:
  • Option A aligns perfectly by using 'forward and backward,' which are standard and appropriate for the context.
  • Options B and C mix 'forward/backward' inconsistently, making the phrase less clean and grammatically awkward.
  • Option D brings in 'fore and aft,' terms reserved for describing positions on a ship.
  • Option E's 'before and back' fails to maintain the right directional perspective needed in geological contexts.
Careful analysis like this is crucial for mastering sentence correction and boosting your test performance.
standard English usage
Standard English usage necessitates familiarity with common expressions and phrases. This exercise illustrates why 'forward and backward' is the accepted standard over variations. Using non-standard or contextually inappropriate forms can confuse readers and obscure your message.
The preferred option 'forward and backward' adheres to standard English norms. Comparatively:
  • 'Forward and backwards' introduces unnecessary variation.
  • 'Forwards and backward' uses a mix that feels inconsistent to readers.
  • 'Fore and aft' detours into a nautical context, which is irrelevant.
  • 'Before and back' miscues the directionality intended in the geological context.
Understanding and applying standard English usage is vital for clear communication and successful GMAT preparation.
context understanding
Context understanding allows proper interpretation of sentences within their broader meaning. In this exercise, understanding the context of geological examination during the Miocene era is crucial for selecting the right option. The phrase should convey looking at past (backward) and future (forward) formations.
Evaluating options within this context:
  • 'Forward and backward' fits as it naturally suggests examining past and future.
  • 'Forward and backwards' remains semi-standard but less clear.
  • 'Forwards and backward' suffers from inconsistency.
  • 'Fore and aft' is contextually incorrect as it mentions nautical terms.
  • 'Before and back' diverts from the intended geological timeframe.
Grasping such nuances in context helps you select the best phrase, ensuring your communication is precise and correct.

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