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Chapter 19: Problem 2658

Most of the electrons in the base of N-P-N transistor flow (A) Out of the base lead (B) Into the collector (C) Into the emitter (D) Into the base supply

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is (B) Into the collector. In an N-P-N transistor, most electrons flow from the emitter to the base and then into the collector. A small fraction of electrons may also flow out of the base lead, but this is typically low.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding a Transistor

A transistor is a three-layer, two p-n junction semiconductor device. It has three regions called Emitter (E), Base (B), and Collector (C). In an N-P-N transistor, the emitter is heavily doped with a high concentration of free electrons (N-type), the base is lightly doped with a low concentration of holes (P-type), and the collector is moderately doped (N-type). When a suitable voltage is applied, the base-emitter junction is forward biased, causing the electrons to flow from emitter to base.
02

Electron Flow in the Base

Within the N-P-N transistor, the base is sandwiched between the emitter and collector. As a forward biased junction, the emitter expels most of its free electrons towards the base. The base, being lightly doped, is unable to hold these electrons. Thus, they continue their flow towards the collector, which is also N-type with few free electrons compared to the emitter.
03

Selecting the Correct Answer

Given the above analysis, the question asks where most of the electrons in the base of the N-P-N transistor flow to. The overwhelming majority of these electrons traverse through the base and into the collector region. Therefore, the correct choice is (B) Into the collector. This corresponds with the working principle of a transistor. It's essential to note that a small fraction of these electrons may also recombine with holes in the base and flow out of the base lead, but this fraction is typically low. Hence (A) is not the correct answer. The rest of the options, (C) Into the emitter and (D) Into the base supply, are not logical directions of electron flow in a N-P-N transistor, hence are incorrect.

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