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Chapter 1: Problem 46

Which of the following two assumptions is (are) invoked when using a bomb calorimeter to measure energy of combustion? 1\. The system is adiabatic with respect to the environment. 2\. The system maintains an approximately constant pressure throughout the process. 1\. I only 2\. II only 3\. I and II 4\. neither I nor II

Short Answer

Expert verified
Both assumptions 1 and 2 are used when working with a bomb calorimeter to measure the energy of combustion. The bomb calorimeter is considered an adiabatic system with respect to the environment and maintains an approximately constant pressure throughout the process. Therefore, the correct answer is 3. I and II.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Bomb Calorimetry

A bomb calorimeter is designed to measure the heat released during a chemical reaction, such as combustion. It consists of a strong metal container in which the reaction occurs, known as the "bomb." The bomb is sealed and placed inside a larger container filled with water, and the temperature change of the water is recorded as heat flows from the bomb to the water. Knowing the specific heat capacity of water and the mass of water, the energy released during the combustion can be calculated.
02

Assumption 1: Adiabatic System

An adiabatic system is one in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. In a bomb calorimeter, the bomb's design and construction aim to minimize heat exchange with the environment. The calorimeter is surrounded by insulation to reduce heat loss to the environment. This insulation ensures that almost all the heat released during combustion is absorbed by the water inside the calorimeter. Therefore, the bomb calorimeter is assumed to be adiabatic with respect to the environment.
03

Assumption 2: Constant Pressure System

The second assumption involves constant pressure throughout the process. In a bomb calorimeter, the bomb is sealed, and the reaction occurs at a fixed volume. Although the pressure inside the bomb may change due to the combustion reaction, the system's overall pressure remains approximately constant. This is because the pressure change inside the bomb is negligible compared to the atmospheric pressure acting on the system. Thus, the bomb calorimeter can be assumed to maintain a constant pressure throughout the process.
04

Conclusion

Both assumptions 1 and 2 are used when working with a bomb calorimeter to measure the energy of combustion. The bomb calorimeter is considered an adiabatic system with respect to the environment and maintains an approximately constant pressure throughout the process. This means that the correct answer is 3. I and II.

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