How do the size and spatial arrangement of habitat patches (local populations) influence metapopulation dynamics? Discuss in terms of probabilities of extinction and colonization.

Answer: The size and spatial arrangement of habitat patches influence metapopulation dynamics by determining the size and connectivity of the local populations. Larger habitat patches can accommodate larger populations with lower extinction probabilities due to decreased demographic and environmental stochasticity and increased genetic diversity. Spatial arrangement affects connectivity between local populations, influencing colonization probabilities. Patches that are closer together have higher migration rates, increasing recolonization chances after local extinctions while maintaining genetic diversity. However, high connectivity can also lead to increased competition and disease spread. Proper management of habitat patches is crucial to maintain a balance between extinction and colonization probabilities in metapopulations.