Define decomposition. What are the major microbial decomposers of plant and animal material?

Decomposition is the natural process by which complex organic matter (such as dead plants and animals) is broken down into simpler, more stable compounds by microorganisms and other natural agents. This process plays a crucial role in recycling nutrients in ecosystems and maintaining the balance of life. #Step 2: Identify the Primary Microbial Decomposers#

There are two major categories of decomposers active in breaking down plant and animal material: 1. Fungi: Fungi are essential decomposers that break down various types of organic matter, including cellulose and lignin, which are primary components of plant cell walls. Key fungal decomposers include white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and soft-rot fungi, which each target and break down different components within plant matter. 2. Bacteria: Bacteria are also crucial for decomposition and are especially important in breaking down animal matter. Bacteria like aerobic (oxygen-dependent) bacteria are responsible for breaking down proteins, fats, and sugars in animal tissues. Anaerobic (oxygen-independent) bacteria break down complex organic molecules in anaerobic environments such as deep soil layers or waterlogged soils. These primary decomposers work together, breaking down the organic matter into simpler compounds and releasing vital nutrients back into the ecosystem.