How do the size and spatial arrangement of habitat patches (local populations) influence metapopulation dynamics? Discuss in terms of probabilities of extinction and colonization.

Answer: Habitat patch size and spatial arrangement can significantly influence metapopulation dynamics. Larger patches support larger populations that are less prone to extinction due to demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. Additionally, larger patches attract more dispersing individuals, increasing the probability of colonization. Spatial arrangement impacts the connectivity between local populations, affecting the ease of dispersal between patches. Patches that are closer together have a higher likelihood of colonization and lower chance of extinction. It is crucial to consider both the size and spatial arrangement of habitat patches when managing habitats to ensure metapopulation persistence.