What is bycatch, and what kinds of species are affected?

Bycatch refers to the unwanted fish and other marine species that are unintentionally caught in fishing gear while targeting a particular type of fish or shellfish. These non-target species are caught either because they are in the same location as the targeted species or due to the lack of selectivity in the fishing gear used. Bycatch can consist of various marine life, including fish, mammals, birds, and invertebrates.

Many kinds of species can be affected by bycatch, which can be grouped into four main categories: 1. Fish species: Non-target fish species may be caught alongside the targeted species. These can be either of commercial value, such as undersized individuals that cannot be legally sold, or non-commercial species that have no market demand. 2. Marine mammals: Marine mammals like dolphins, whales, and seals can sometimes be caught in fishing gear, like trawls, gillnets, and longlines. These incidents can lead to injury or death for the affected animals. 3. Sea turtles: Bycatch is a significant threat to sea turtle populations worldwide. Trawls, gillnets, and longlines are some of the types of fishing gear that can inadvertently ensnare sea turtles, causing them injury or death. 4. Seabirds: Birds such as albatrosses, petrels, and gannets can accidentally become entangled in fishing gear, especially longlines, causing them to drown. Many seabird species are critically endangered, and bycatch is a significant threat to their survival. In conclusion, bycatch is a significant issue in the fishing industry that affects a wide variety of marine species, including fish, marine mammals, sea turtles, and seabirds. Each of these groups faces unique challenges due to bycatch, and various measures, such as using more selective fishing gear and implementing marine protected areas, are being taken to mitigate its impact.