Explain how beef cattle are raised in a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO).

In a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), beef cattle are raised in confined spaces to maximize meat production and minimize costs. They are housed in large barns with designated areas for feeding and resting, and proper ventilation and climate control systems are maintained. Cattle are fed a carefully balanced diet, which may include feed additives like growth hormones and antibiotics. Animal health is closely monitored, with vaccinations and treatments administered as needed. Waste management is crucial for environmental and health reasons, as manure and other waste are stored in designated facilities and treated before reuse. CAFOs can have environmental and ethical concerns, such as pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and animal welfare, making it essential for operators to follow best practices and regulations.