Chapter 15: Problem 13

How do fuel cells work, and what is being done to adapt them to power vehicles?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy (from hydrogen) into electrical energy via an electrochemical reaction. Their use is majorly seen in areas where clean power requirement is prioritised over costs. As for adapting them for vehicles, issues around size, hydrogen availability, and cost must be addressed.

Step by step solution

Defining Fuel Cells

Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical potential energy (in the form of hydrogen) directly into electrical energy. The by-products of the reaction are heat and water, making this a very clean source of power.

Explaining How Fuel Cells Work

Fuel cells work based on the principle of electrochemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes: an anode and a cathode, separated by an electrolyte. Hydrogen gas (H2) is passed over the anode side where it splits into two electrons and two protons. An oxidising agent (usually oxygen) is passed over the cathode side. The ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode side while the electrons create a separate current that can be utilized before they return to the cathode, to be recombined with the hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

Current use of Fuel Cells

Currently, fuel cells are used in a variety of areas. They are primarily used in settings where a need for clean power outweighs cost considerations, such as in space crafts or remote areas. Some units are also used in buildings to provide heat and power.

Adapting Fuel Cells for Vehicles

For fuel cells to work in vehicles, several engineering obstacles need to be overcome. Firstly, fuel cells are typically large and heavy, and thus efforts are being put to reduce their size while maximizing their energy output. Secondly, they require a pure source of hydrogen which isn't easily available, hence ways to safely and efficiently store and deliver hydrogen needs to be developed. Lastly, cost is another hurdle since fuel cells are currently expensive to manufacture.

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How do fuel cells work, and what is being done to adapt them to power vehicles?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Defining Fuel Cells

Explaining How Fuel Cells Work

Current use of Fuel Cells

Adapting Fuel Cells for Vehicles

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