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Chapter 19: Problem 2

Describe the origins of industrial smog, photochemical smog, and atmospheric brown clouds. What are the differences in the cause and appearance of each?

Short Answer

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Industrial smog originates from industrial activities, appearing as a gray smog, Photochemical smog occurs due to sunlight reacting with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, appearing as a brown haze. Atmospheric brown clouds are made up of a mixture of aerosols, soot and dust, appearing as a brown haze visible from space.

Step by step solution

01

Describe Industrial Smog

Industrial smog, also known as gray smog, originates from industries that emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide and particles into the air. These substances combine with atmospheric moisture to form a thick grayish cloud close to the industrial area.
02

Explain Photochemical Smog

Photochemical smog is also known as brown smog. It is formed when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. These reactions create airborne particles and ground-level ozone, resulting in hazy conditions and reduced visibility.
03

Discuss Atmospheric Brown Clouds

Atmospheric brown clouds originate from a variety of pollutants like carbon and dust particles. They are made up of a mixture of aerosols, soot and dust that create a layer of haze visible from space. They are often associated with human activities like burning fossil fuels, biomass, and agricultural waste.
04

Compare Causes and Appearances

Industrial smog mainly comes from industrial activities, appearing gray. Photochemical smog is caused by reactions between sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, appearing as a brownish haze. Atmospheric brown clouds consist of a mixture of substances, prominently visible from space as a brown haze.

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