Chapter 1: Problem 6

Explain the role of assumptions, observation, experimentation, and theory formation in the operation of scientific research and thinking.

Short Answer

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Assumptions in scientific research are initial ideas applied to form a hypothesis. Observations involve collecting data about the research subject. Experimentation is the testing facet of research, aiming to validate or refute a hypothesis. Theory formation is the process of developing a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon under study based on the evidence gathered.

Step by step solution

Understanding Assumptions

In scientific research, assumptions are used as starting points for theories or hypotheses. Assumptions are often grounded in previous findings or accepted scientific principles. They provide a direction for research, offer a basis for predicting outcomes, and give context for results.

Role of Observation

Observation is the process of gathering data about the phenomenon under study. Observations can be made through human senses or with the use of scientific instruments. Observations help researchers to see patterns, differences or other noteworthy aspects that can lead to generation of hypotheses and experiments.

Importance of Experimentation

Experimentation is the testing phase of scientific research. This is where hypotheses or theories are tested by manipulating one or more variables and observing the effects. The aim is to either validate or refute the hypothesis. This could lead to a modification or improvement of the hypothesis or theory and further experimentation.

Theory Formation

Theory formation is the culmination of the entire scientific process. It involves the development of a well-substantiated explanation of the observed phenomenon based on the collected evidence. A theory must be falsifiable and is considered as an evolving entity that can be refined or replaced as new evidence emerges.

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Explain the role of assumptions, observation, experimentation, and theory formation in the operation of scientific research and thinking.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Assumptions

Role of Observation

Importance of Experimentation

Theory Formation

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