Chapter 16: Problem 12

How can hydrogen gas be produced via the use of solar energy? How might hydrogen be collected and stored to meet the need for fuel for transportation in the future?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Hydrogen gas can be produced from solar energy by using solar panels to generate electricity for the process of water electrolysis, this splits water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. The hydrogen gas is then collected, purified and stored under pressure in specially designed tanks filled with metal alloys that can absorb and hold the hydrogen atoms until needed.

Step by step solution

Introduction to Electrolysis

Electrolysis is the process of causing a chemical reaction through the application of electricity. In this case, the focus is on water electrolysis where water is split into its components hydrogen and oxygen.

Role of Solar Panels and the Chemical Process

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity. This electricity can then be used to power the electrolysis process. A current is passed through water, causing it to split into hydrogen and oxygen gases in a process described by the following chemical equation \(2H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2H_2(g) + O_2(g)\) where: \(H_2O(l)\) refers to liquid water, \(H_2(g)\) to gaseous hydrogen and \(O_2(g)\) to gaseous oxygen.

Collection of Hydrogen Gas

During electrolysis, hydrogen and oxygen gases are formed at different electrodes. The hydrogen gas can be collected from the electrode where it is produced and can be subjected to certain processes to ensure its purity.

Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen storage is an important aspect for its use as a fuel. The hydrogen gas can be stored under pressure in specially designed tanks. Here, the gas is packed in so called hydrogen storage alloys (a type of metal hydrides) which can absorb hydrogen atoms and hold them until they're needed and then release them under controlled conditions.

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How can hydrogen gas be produced via the use of solar energy? How might hydrogen be collected and stored to meet the need for fuel for transportation in the future?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Introduction to Electrolysis

Role of Solar Panels and the Chemical Process

Collection of Hydrogen Gas

Hydrogen Storage

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