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Chapter 20: Problem 10

Explain the difference between oligotrophic and eutrophic waters. Describe the sequential process of eutrophication.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Oligotrophic waters are deep, clear, and have low nutrient levels making them less capable of supporting abundant life compared to eutrophic waters which are rich in nutrients promoting high biological productivity. Eutrophication, a process occurring in eutrophic waters, begins with nutrient introduction followed by rapid plant and algal growth (primary productivity), decay of these organisms causing oxygen consumption, and finally the creation of an oxygen-starving environment which threatens aquatic life.

Step by step solution

01

Define Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Waters

Oligotrophic waters are usually deep with clear water, and they're characterized by low nutrient values, which limits the water body's ability to support aquatic life. On the other hand, eutrophic waters have high nutrient levels that provide abundant plant and algal growth. This helps to support a larger but less diverse animal population.
02

Describe the Sequential Process of Eutrophication: Stage 1

The process of eutrophication initiates with the introduction of excessive nutrients (mainly phosphates and nitrates) into the water body. This could result from anthropogenic activities like industrial waste disposal, agricultural run-offs, or natural occurrences like weathering of rocks.
03

Describe the Sequential Process of Eutrophication: Stage 2

The next step, known as primary productivity, involves rapid growth of plants and algae as a result of the high nutrient availability. The quick growth of surface algae often results in 'algal blooms' that cover the water surface, consequently blocking sunlight penetration to lower water levels.
04

Describe the Sequential Process of Eutrophication: Stage 3

The subsequent sage involves decomposition of the dead plant matter by bacteria. This process of decay by decomposition consumes a large amount of oxygen, leading to lower oxygen levels in the water.
05

Describe the Sequential Process of Eutrophication: Stage 4

The final stage often results in an oxygen-poor environment, making it hazardous for aquatic life. Fishes and other aerobic organisms may suffer or even die from oxygen starvation. This further contributes to the lack of biodiversity in eutrophic waters.

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