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Chapter 20: Problem 6

What are the principles involved in removing biological nutrients from waste, and what is accomplished by doing so? Where do nitrogen and phosphate go in the process?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Nutrients in waste, most notably nitrogen and phosphorus, are primarily removed via activated sludge processes using microorganisms to metabolize them. This prevents eutrophication from occurring in bodies of water where treated water is discharged. After removal, these nutrients typically end up in the solid waste or 'sludge' produced from the treatment process.

Step by step solution

01

Principles of Nutrient Removal

Biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment involves the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to metabolize and thus remove excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, from the waste. This typically involves the use of activated sludge processes, where the microorganisms are maintained in suspension with the waste in an aerated environment. These processes can be designed in various ways to facilitate different types of biological reactions that remove different nutrients.
02

Benefits of Nutrient Removal

Removing these nutrients from wastewater before it is discharged is important for protecting the environment, particularly bodies of water. Excess nutrients in waters can lead to a condition known as eutrophication, in which the overgrowth of algae 'blooms' reduces oxygen levels in the water, which can harm other aquatic life. Nutrient removal also allows for the potential reuse of these materials, for example in fertilizers.
03

Fate of Removed Nutrients

Once the nutrients are removed from the wastewater, they generally end up in the solid waste stream from the treatment process. This solid waste, or 'sludge', is then typically dewatered and can be disposed of in various ways, such as landfilling or incineration. Depending on local regulations and facilities, it may also be further treated and used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.

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