Chapter 4: Problem 8

Describe the major features of a convergent boundary.

Short Answer

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A convergent boundary is a region where two tectonic plates move towards each other, leading to subduction. There are three types of convergent boundaries: oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. The major features of convergent boundaries include oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs (either island arcs or volcanic mountain ranges), and mountain ranges formed by the collision of continental plates. Earthquakes are a common phenomenon in all types of convergent boundaries.

Step by step solution

1. Definition of a Convergent Boundary

A convergent boundary, also known as a "destructive boundary" or "tectonic collision zone," is a region where two tectonic plates move towards each other. The slower and denser plate eventually sinks underneath the faster-moving plate in a process called subduction. This leads to the formation of various geological features, such as mountain ranges, volcanic arcs, and earthquakes.

2. Types of Convergent Boundaries

There are three types of convergent boundaries based on the plates involved: a. Oceanic-oceanic: where two oceanic plates converge. b. Oceanic-continental: where an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge. c. Continental-continental: where two continental plates converge.

3. Major Features of Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundaries

When two oceanic plates converge, the denser plate subducts beneath the other, leading to the formation of an oceanic trench. As the subducted plate heats up deeper into the Earth's mantle, it releases water, which induces partial melting of the mantle, resulting in magma rising to the surface. This leads to the creation of volcanic island arcs. Earthquakes are also common in these regions.

4. Major Features of Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundaries

In this case, the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate, forming a deep oceanic trench. As the oceanic plate melts, magma rises and forms a volcanic mountain range parallel to the oceanic trench. The Andes mountain range in South America is an example of this type of convergence. Earthquakes are a common occurrence in these areas as well.

5. Major Features of Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries

When two continental plates converge, neither plate can subduct due to their low density. Therefore, the converging edges of the plates buckle and thicken, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. The most well-known example of this type of convergent boundary is the Himalayas, formed by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. These areas are prone to earthquakes as well. In conclusion, the major features of convergent boundaries include oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs (either island arcs or volcanic mountain ranges), and mountain ranges formed by the collision of continental plates. Earthquakes are also a common phenomenon in all types of convergent boundaries.

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Describe the major features of a convergent boundary.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

1. Definition of a Convergent Boundary

2. Types of Convergent Boundaries

3. Major Features of Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundaries

4. Major Features of Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundaries

5. Major Features of Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries

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