The letters following each Review Question refer to the corresponding Learning Objective from the Chapter Opener. Discuss the differences between stress and strain. (B)

Stress and strain are related but distinct concepts in material science. Stress refers to the internal resistance of a material to deformation and is measured in units of pressure, such as Pascals (Pa). It represents the force applied to a material divided by the area over which the force is applied. Strain, on the other hand, is a dimensionless quantity that measures the deformation a material experiences relative to its initial size as a result of an applied stress. The relationship between stress and strain is described through various mechanical properties of materials, such as elastic modulus or yield strength. These concepts are crucial for engineers in designing safe and reliable structures, as they help predict the behavior of materials under various loading conditions.