Chapter 11: Problem 7

The letters following each Review Question refer to the corresponding Learning Objective from the Chapter Opener. How do you recognize faults in the field? (D)

Short Answer

Expert verified

To recognize faults in the field, look for displaced rock layers, changes in rock type along the fault line, and the presence of fault-related structures such as folds, slickensides, and gumbo clays. Map the fault trace and analyze its orientation and movement to classify the fault and understand its geological history. Consult with other geologists or reference materials for additional information and confirmation.

Step by step solution

Identifying displaced rock layers

To recognize faults in the field, look for displaced rock layers, as faults often cause noticeable offsets in rock formations. Pay attention to any sudden changes in the rock layers' orientation or gaps where certain rocks abruptly end and others begin.

Examining changes in rock type along the fault line

Faults often cause different types of rocks to be placed adjacent to each other due to the movement of Earth's crust. Observe the rock types on either side of the suspected fault line. If there is a distinct difference in rock type, it may indicate the presence of a fault.

Observing fault-related structures

Certain geological structures such as folds, slickensides (smooth surfaces created by frictional movement along a fault), and gumbo clays (broken up and mixed rocks caused by fault movement) are often associated with faults. Look for these structures in the field as evidence of a fault.

Mapping the fault trace

Once you've identified possible signs of a fault, map the fault trace on a topographic map or aerial imagery. This can give you a better understanding of the fault's orientation, length, and possible relationship with other nearby faults.

Analyzing fault orientation and movement

Measure the orientation (dip and strike) of the fault plane and the angle and direction of the fault's movement (slip vector). This information can help to classify the fault (normal, reverse, or strike-slip) and understand its geological history and current tectonic setting.

Consulting with other geologists

If you're unsure about a possible fault in the field or need more information, consult with other geologists or references such as geological maps and publications. They can provide valuable insights and help confirm your findings.

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The letters following each Review Question refer to the corresponding Learning Objective from the Chapter Opener. How do you recognize faults in the field? (D)

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identifying displaced rock layers

Examining changes in rock type along the fault line

Observing fault-related structures

Mapping the fault trace

Analyzing fault orientation and movement

Consulting with other geologists

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