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Chapter 14: Problem 13

The letters following each Review Question refer to the corresponding Learning Objective from the Chapter Opener. How can the mining and burning of coal affect the environment? (F)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The mining and burning of coal can affect the environment in several ways, including habitat destruction, air and water pollution, and contributions to climate change. Mining coal can lead to soil erosion, release of toxic chemicals, and water contamination. Burning coal produces harmful air pollutants, such as particulate matter, SO₂, NOx, and hazardous substances like mercury. It is also a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO₂, which drives climate change. Land and water resources can also be negatively impacted due to land damage, destruction of natural habitats, and water pollution from mining waste. Alternative and cleaner energy sources are needed to mitigate these environmental risks.

Step by step solution

01

Explain mining of coal

Mining coal involves extracting it from underground deposits, usually through a process called surface mining or underground mining. In both methods, significant amounts of earth and rock are removed to reach the coal, which can lead to habitat destruction, soil erosion, and the release of toxic chemicals into the environment. Additionally, the water used in the mining process can get contaminated, leading to water pollution.
02

Describe the burning of coal

Burning coal is a process that involves combustion, in which coal is burned to release its stored energy. This energy can be used for various purposes, such as electricity generation, heating, and industrial processes. However, burning coal also produces several harmful byproducts and emissions that can have significant environmental impacts.
03

Discuss air pollution from burning coal

One of the primary environmental impacts from burning coal is the release of large amounts of air pollutants, mainly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hazardous air pollutants like mercury. These pollutants can contribute to serious health problems, such as respiratory issues, heart diseases, and developmental delays in children. Additionally, SO₂ and NOx react in the atmosphere to form acid rain, which can damage ecosystems, soils, and man-made structures.
04

Explain the impact on climate change

Burning coal is also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂). These emissions are a leading cause of climate change, as they trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and lead to increased global temperatures. The consequences of climate change include more extreme weather events, sea level rise, and changes in ecosystems, posing significant risks to human health, coastal communities, and agriculture.
05

Mention the impact on land and water resources

Other environmental impacts of coal mining and burning include land damage and destruction of natural habitats, as well as water pollution from the release of pollutants into surface and groundwater resources. Mining waste, called tailings, can also contain toxic chemicals and heavy metals that can contaminate nearby water sources, leading to increased risk for wildlife and human populations. In conclusion, the mining and burning of coal can have several negative impacts on the environment, including habitat destruction, air and water pollution, and contribution to climate change. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative and cleaner sources of energy to reduce these environmental risks.

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