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Chapter 17: Problem 21

The letters following each Review Question refer to the corresponding Learning Objective from the Chapter Opener. How have humans abused and overused the resource of running water? (A)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Humans have abused and overused running water resources through over-extraction, dam construction, pollution, and climate change. Over-extraction leads to lower water levels and loss of wildlife habitats; dam construction disrupts natural water flow and impacts aquatic habitats; pollution contaminates water with chemicals and degrades water quality; and climate change affects precipitation patterns and water availability. These actions harm the environment and threaten the well-being of communities dependent on running water resources.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

Running water is a valuable and essential resource for human life, responsible for providing drinking water, irrigation for agriculture, transportation, and energy generation. However, humans have often abused and overused this resource, leading to numerous environmental and socioeconomic issues. Here, we will discuss the ways in which humans have abused and overused running water.
02

Over-extraction

Over-extraction of running water occurs when water is withdrawn from rivers, lakes, and aquifer systems at a rate faster than it can be replenished. This can lead to lower water levels, loss of wildlife habitats, and drying up of water bodies. Over-extraction can be attributed to increased demands for agriculture, industries, and domestic uses, resulting in detrimental effects on ecosystems and local communities.
03

Dams and reservoirs

The construction of dams and reservoirs for hydroelectric power and water storage can significantly impact running water. While they provide several benefits, they can also disrupt the natural flow of water, leading to changes in water quality, loss of aquatic habitats, and reduced downstream flow. Moreover, dam construction often involves the displacement of local communities and has long-lasting adverse effects on the environment.
04

Pollution

Pollution is another major way humans have abused running water. Disposal of industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage into water bodies contaminates the water with pollutants such as chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers. This can lead to the degradation of water quality, posing risks to both human health and aquatic life, as well as negatively impacting the overall ecosystems.
05

Climate change

Human-induced climate change has significant impacts on running water resources, as it can lead to changes in precipitation patterns, increased evaporation, and rising sea levels. These changes can exacerbate water scarcity issues, increase flooding risks, and degrade water quality. Thus, it is crucial to address the root causes of climate change to ensure the sustainable management and conservation of running water resources.
06

Conclusion

In conclusion, humans have abused and overused running water resources through over-extraction, dam construction, pollution, and climate change. These actions not only harm the environment but also threaten the livelihoods and well-being of local communities who depend on them. It is crucial for individuals, governments, and industries to work together in managing and protecting running water resources for the present and future generations.

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