Describe the process of continental collision, and give examples of where this process has occurred. (E)

Continental collision is a geological process that occurs when two continental plates converge and push against each other, causing the land to rise and form mountain ranges. This process is a significant part of the plate tectonics theory, which explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere.

When two tectonic plates move towards each other, it is called a convergent boundary. In some cases, both of these plates consist of continental crust. The forces generated by the movement of these plates push them together, initiating the process of continental collision.

As the two continental plates push against each other under tremendous pressure, the rock layers on both plates begin to fold and buckle. This gradual process results in the formation of fold mountains, which are characterized by a series of ridges and valleys.

Over time, the process of uplift raises the mountain range above the surrounding landscape. The exposed rocks at the surface then undergo weathering and erosion, which helps to shape and modify the range's appearance.

Continental collision is not a static process; it continues for millions of years, as the plates remain in motion. The forces involved can also lead to earthquakes and other geological events in the region.

1. Himalayan Mountains: The most famous example of continental collision is the ongoing process between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The collision has created the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas, which includes Mount Everest. 2. European Alps: The European Alps formed as a result of the collision between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This collision started around 65 million years ago and is still ongoing, causing the Alps to rise gradually. 3. Appalachian Mountains: The Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America are another example of a continental collision. They formed around 300 million years ago when the ancient continents of Laurentia and Gondwana collided, eventually preserving the remnants of an ancient mountain range. In summary, continental collision is a geological process that occurs when two continental plates converge, causing the crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. Notable examples include the Himalayas, the European Alps, and the Appalachian Mountains.