Chapter 2: Problem 3

How does the orientation of a dike of igneous rock differ from the orientation of a sill?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The orientation of a dike and a sill differ due to their formation processes. A dike is a vertical or near-vertical, sheet-like igneous rock formation that cuts across the current layering or bedding of the host rock. In contrast, a sill is a horizontal or near-horizontal, sheet-like igneous rock formation that forms parallel to the pre-existing layering or bedding of the host rock. Dikes are formed when magma intrudes into existing fractures, while sills are formed when magma intrudes between the layers of the host rock.

Step by step solution

Introduction to Dikes and Sills

Dikes and sills are both intrusive igneous rock formations. Both are formed when molten magma intrudes into pre-existing rock layers and solidifies. However, the orientation of these formations is different due to their different intrusion processes.

Dikes: Formation and Orientation

A dike is a vertical or near-vertical, sheet-like igneous rock formation that cuts across the current layering or bedding of the host rock. Dikes are formed when magma intrudes into existing fractures or cracks in the rock, usually due to regional tensional forces or pressure build-up from a nearby magma chamber. As a result, the orientation of a dike is typically vertical or steeply inclined.

Sills: Formation and Orientation

On the other hand, a sill is a horizontal or near-horizontal, sheet-like igneous rock formation that forms parallel to the pre-existing layering or bedding of the host rock. Sills are formed when magma intrudes between the layers of the host rock, usually due to the buoyancy and pressure caused by the weight of overlying rocks. As a result, the orientation of a sill is typically horizontal or gently inclined.

Summary

In summary, the difference in orientation between dikes and sills is due to their formation processes. Dikes are formed when magma intrudes into existing fractures and are typically oriented vertically or steeply inclined. On the other hand, sills form when magma intrudes between layers of the host rock and are usually oriented horizontally or gently inclined.

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How does the orientation of a dike of igneous rock differ from the orientation of a sill?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Introduction to Dikes and Sills

Dikes: Formation and Orientation

Sills: Formation and Orientation

Summary

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