Chapter 8: Problem 10

How does the Global Positioning System allow geologists to measure the velocity at which a plate is moving in the present world?

Short Answer

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) allows geologists to measure the velocity of tectonic plates by using GPS receivers to monitor their positions on the Earths' surface. The data is recorded over time, allowing geologists to calculate the distance moved by the tectonic plate. The velocity is then calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the duration it took to travel that distance, typically measured in millimeters per year. This data aids in understanding plate movements and predicting related geological events like earthquakes.

Step by step solution

Data Collection by the GPS System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of a constellation of about 30 satellites. GPS receivers on the ground are able to pick up signals from these satellites and use the received information to determine their exact location based on a mathematical principle known as triangulation.

Determining Plate Locations

Geologists set up GPS receivers on the ground at various locations on a tectonic plate. These receivers continuously record their locations.

Continual Monitoring and Position Recording

GPS receivers keep monitoring their positions over a period of time. The data is then recorded. This data depicts the movement of the tectonic plates on which the GPS receivers are located.

Calculating Distance Moved

After a certain period of time, the initial and final positions of the GPS receivers are compared. This difference gives the distance moved by the tectonic plate.

Calculating Velocity

The velocity at which a plate is moving is calculated by dividing the distance the plate has traveled by the period of time it took to travel that distance. Velocity is typically measured in millimeters/year for tectonic plates. The formula is velocity = distance/time. The units need to be consistent, so if the distance is in millimeters and the time is in years, the velocity will be in millimeters per year.

Interpret Data

By interpreting this data, geologists are able to determine not only the speed and direction of the tectonic plates, but also any changes in these measurements over time. This helps in predicting future plate movements and associated geological events like earthquakes.

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How does the Global Positioning System allow geologists to measure the velocity at which a plate is moving in the present world?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Data Collection by the GPS System

Determining Plate Locations

Continual Monitoring and Position Recording

Calculating Distance Moved

Calculating Velocity

Interpret Data

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