Chapter 11: Problem 7

Describe the asthenosphere. Why is it also known as the plastic layer? What are the consequences of its convection currents?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The asthenosphere is a highly viscous layer of the Earth's upper mantle, called the 'plastic layer' due to its ability to slowly deform under stress. Convection currents within the asthenosphere are responsible for the movement of the lithospheric plates on the Earth's surface, causing phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Step by step solution

Define the Asthenosphere

The asthenosphere is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and deformable layer of the Earth's upper mantle located just below the lithosphere, generally at depths of approximately 80 to 200 km beneath the Earth's surface.

Identify Why It's Called the 'Plastic Layer'

The asthenosphere is often referred to as the 'plastic layer' because it behaves plastically. That means while it is solid, it can flow and deform under the stress imposed by the weight of the overlying lithosphere. Its unique properties allow it to slowly deform over long timescales, which is why it's likened to plastic.

Consequences of Convection Currents in the Asthenosphere

The primary consequence of convection currents in the asthenosphere is the movement of lithospheric plates on the Earth's surface. Heat from the core of the Earth causes material in the asthenosphere to rise. As it nears the top, it cools and sinks back down. This process causes the lithosphere to move, leading to various geological phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the creation of mountain ranges.

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Describe the asthenosphere. Why is it also known as the plastic layer? What are the consequences of its convection currents?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Define the Asthenosphere

Identify Why It's Called the 'Plastic Layer'

Consequences of Convection Currents in the Asthenosphere

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