Chapter 18: Problem 18

Describe the salinization process in arid and semiarid soils. What associated soil horizons develop?

Short Answer

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Salinization in arid and semiarid soils is the accumulation of soluble salts due to high evaporation and minimal precipitation. It results in the formation of different soil horizons. The A horizon is where the salts initially deposit due to capillary rise. The Bss horizon development happens as sodium ions accumulate and seal off the soil surface, creating columnar or prismatic structures. The C horizon is the intact parent material.

Step by step solution

Explain the Salinization Process

Salinization is the process through which soluble salts accumulate in soils. These salts may originate from the parent material of the soil, or they may be brought in from external sources, such as irrigation water or by wind. In arid and semiarid regions, high evaporation rates and low rainfall make conditions ideal for salinization. When water evaporates from the soil surface, it leaves behind salts that it held in solution. At the same time, the minimal precipitation can't flush these salts out of the soil. Gradually, salts accumulate and rise to the soil surface due to capillary action.

Identify the Associated Soil Horizons

In response to salinization, specific soil horizons develop. The A horizon, or surface horizon, is often low in organic matter and lighter in color. It is also where capillary rise initially deposits salts. As salinization proceeds, a B horizon can develop under the A horizon. This B horizon, called a Bss horizon, is where sodium ions accumulate, seals off the soil surface, and blocks water infiltration, which leads to the formation of columnar or prismatic structures. Finally, the C horizon refers to the largely unaltered parent material from which the soil develops.

Conclude Your Explanation

In conclusion, salinization is a widespread problem in arid and semiarid soils, leading to a build-up of salt on the soil surface due to high evaporation and low precipitation. This process results in the formation of distinct soil horizons, each with its characteristics, and impacting the soil's health and productivity adversely.

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Describe the salinization process in arid and semiarid soils. What associated soil horizons develop?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Explain the Salinization Process

Identify the Associated Soil Horizons

Conclude Your Explanation

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