In view of the cell analogy by Lewis Thomas, characterize the various functions the atmosphere performs that protect the surface environment.

Before discussing the analogy in terms of atmosphere, it is supportant to understand the analogy itself. According to Lewis Thomas, cells within an organism are like tiny factories the organism use to keep itself alive and functioning as a holistic and harmonious system.

Like cells in an organism, the atmosphere has multiple functions that collectively protect the surface environment. Some of these functions include: providing oxygen for respiration, maintaining temperature and heat, protection from ultraviolet radiation, and facilitating the water cycle.

Each function of the atmosphere can be characterized as follows: \n\n1. Providing Oxygen: Similar to how cells transport nutrients, the atmosphere is the medium for oxygen transport. Oxygen is essential for the survival and function of most organisms. \n\n2. Maintaining Temperature and Heat: Just as cells regulate the organism's internal temperature, the atmosphere acts as an insulator that keeps the Earth's temperature within a range suitable for life. \n\n3. Protection from Ultraviolet Radiation: The atmosphere, especially the Ozone layer, acts like a protective covering, similar to the cell membrane, that shields life on Earth from the harmful effects of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. \n\n4. Facilitating Water Cycle: Like cells' role in maintaining hydration and disposing of waste, the atmosphere plays a crucial part in the cycling of water, an essential resource for all life.