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Chapter 6: Problem 28

What is meant by deep-ocean thermohaline circulation? At what rates do these currents flow? How might this circulation be related to the Gulf Stream in the western Atlantic Ocean?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Deep ocean thermohaline circulation refers to the large-scale ocean circulation driven by global density gradients due to surface heat and freshwater fluxes. Its flow rate is much slower than surface currents and is often estimated at 15-20 Sv. The Gulf Stream, which transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico towards the North Atlantic, is part of this circulation, its processes helps in forming deep water masses, distributing heat, and moderating climate.

Step by step solution

01

Define Deep Ocean Thermohaline Circulation

Deep ocean thermohaline circulation refers to the part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The adjective thermohaline derives from 'thermo-' referring to temperature, and '-haline' referring to salt content, both factors that influence the density of ocean waters.
02

Explain the Flow Rates of Thermohaline Circulation

Oceanographers estimate that the full cycle of thermohaline circulation, from surface to deep water and back again, might take between 500 and 2000 years. The flow rate of thermohaline currents is much slower than that of surface currents like the Gulf Stream and is usually measured in Sverdrups (Sv), where 1 Sv equals one million cubic meters per second. The entire thermohaline circulation is often placed at roughly 15-20 Sv.
03

Relate Thermohaline Circulation to the Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream is part of the thermohaline circulation. It transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico towards the North Atlantic where the water cools and sinks, contributing to the formation of deep water masses. This process is a major component of the thermohaline circulation, distributing heat and contributing to the moderation of climate in regions such as Northwestern Europe.

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