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Chapter 8: Problem 7

Explain how the distribution of precipitation in the state of Washington is influenced by the principles of orographic lifting.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Orographic lifting strongly influences the distribution of precipitation in Washington. As moist air is pushed upwards by mountainous terrain, it cools, condenses and leads to significant rainfall or snowfall on the windward side. The descending air on the leeward side is warmer and drier, resulting in comparatively less precipitation, a phenomenon often referred to as the 'rain shadow effect'.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Orographic Lifting

Orographic lifting is a process which involves the change in air mass due to topographical features. As moist winds move towards higher ground such as mountains, they are forced to rise. The air pressure decreases as the air mass rises, causing it to expand and cool. This process leads to condensation and precipitation.
02

Relation between Orographic Lifting and Precipitation

When this air mass cools, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. If this moisture content is high enough, it leads to precipitation in the form of rain or snow. This process is responsible for higher levels of precipitation on the windward side of the mountain.
03

Orographic Lifting in Washington

In the state of Washington, this process is particularly evident due to the presence of significant mountain ranges, including the Olympic and the Cascade Ranges. These mountains force the moist air coming from the Pacific Ocean upwards, causing it to cool and condense, leading to high amounts of rainfall on the windward side of the mountain. The air then descends on the leeward side, warming and absorbing moisture, resulting in less precipitation, often referred to as the 'rain shadow effect'.

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