Chapter 9: Problem 15

At what point does groundwater utilization become groundwater mining? Use the High Plains aquifer example to explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Groundwater utilization becomes groundwater mining when extraction significantly exceeds natural replenishment rates, leading to a decline in the groundwater resource over time. The High Plains aquifer is an example, where continuing extraction has resulted in a steady decline of the water table, indicating groundwater mining.

Step by step solution

Understanding Groundwater Utilization

Groundwater utilization refers to the extraction or use of underground water for varied purposes such as irrigation, drinking, industrial use, and so on. It generally occurs within sustainable limits, which means the rate of water extraction does not exceed the rate of natural water recharge or replenishment.

Understanding Groundwater Mining

Groundwater mining essentially occurs when the rate of groundwater extraction significantly exceeds the rate of its natural replenishment. This process is generally considered unsustainable as it leads to depletion of the groundwater resource over time. This can lead to a variety of environmental issues like land subsidence, degradation of water quality, reduction in surface water, among others.

The High Plains Aquifer Example

The High Plains aquifer, which spans eight states in the U.S, is a significant example. It provides water for almost 27% of the irrigated land in the U.S. Over the years, extraction has exceeded storage, leading to water table decline. Although some regions show minor recovery due to reduced pumping or increased rainfall, most areas are showing steady decline. The continued extraction at this rate is a clear case of groundwater mining.

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At what point does groundwater utilization become groundwater mining? Use the High Plains aquifer example to explain your answer.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Groundwater Utilization

Understanding Groundwater Mining

The High Plains Aquifer Example

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