Chapter 6: Problem 2

How can you easily distinguish between a silty deposit and one that has only clay-sized material?

Short Answer

Expert verified

To easily distinguish between a silty deposit and one with only clay-sized material, consider their differences in particle size and properties. Silty deposits have larger particle sizes (0.002 mm - 0.063 mm) and feel gritty when rubbed between fingers, whereas clay deposits have smaller particle sizes (less than 0.002 mm) and feel smooth and sticky. In a sedimentation test, silty particles settle more quickly than clay particles. Additionally, silty deposits readily absorb water, while clay deposits initially repel water and eventually swell when wet.

Step by step solution

Understanding particle sizes

Silty and clay deposits are categorized based on their particle size. Silty deposits have a larger particle size (0.002 mm to 0.063 mm) compared to clay deposits (less than 0.002 mm). Due to the difference in particle size, silty and clay deposits exhibit different properties and behaviors.

Tactile test

One of the simplest ways to distinguish between silty and clay deposits is by a tactile test. Rub a small amount of the deposit between your fingers. If the deposit feels gritty, it is likely a silty deposit. If it feels very smooth and sticky, it is likely a clay deposit. This is due to the larger particle sizes in silty deposits which give it a more abrasive texture.

Sedimentation test

Another method to differentiate between silty and clay deposits is by performing a sedimentation test. Fill a transparent bottle or container with water and add a small amount of the deposit. Shake the container to mix the water and deposit. Allow the mixture to sit for some time and observe how it settles. Silty particles will settle much quicker than the clay particles due to their larger size. After a few hours or a day, you would observe a clear separation, with the larger silty particles at the bottom and the finer clay particles above.

Behavior in water

Observe how the deposit behaves in contact with water. Silty deposits will readily absorb water and can appear darker when wet. On the other hand, clay deposits, due to their fine particles and surface chemistry, will repel water at first and eventually swell when wet. By considering the differences in particle size and using simple methods like tactile testing, sedimentation testing, and observing the deposit's behavior in water, you can easily distinguish between a silty deposit and one that has only clay-sized material.

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How can you easily distinguish between a silty deposit and one that has only clay-sized material?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding particle sizes

Tactile test

Sedimentation test

Behavior in water

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