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Chapter 8: Q. 12 (page 392)
State the general steps of the critical-value approach to hypothesis testing.
The general steps of the critical-value approach to hypothesis testing is listed in the solution.
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Final Conclusions. In Exercises 25–28, use a significance level of = 0.05 and use the given information for the following:
a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. (Reject or fail to reject .)
b. Without using technical terms or symbols, state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Original claim: Fewer than 90% of adults have a cell phone. The hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.0003.
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9–32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Store Checkout-Scanner Accuracy In a study of store checkout-scanners, 1234 items were checked for pricing accuracy; 20 checked items were found to be overcharges, and 1214 checked items were not overcharges (based on data from “UPC Scanner Pricing Systems: Are They Accurate?” by Goodstein, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that with scanners, 1% of sales are overcharges. (Before scanners were used, the overcharge rate was estimated to be about 1%.) Based on these results, do scanners appear to help consumers avoid overcharges?
Technology. In Exercises 9–12, test the given claim by using the display provided from technology. Use a 0.05 significance level. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Body Temperatures Data Set 3 “Body Temperatures” in Appendix B includes 93 body temperatures measured at 12 ²³ on day 1 of a study, and the accompanying XLSTAT display results from using those data to test the claim that the mean body temperature is equal to 98.6°F. Conduct the hypothesis test using these results.
Critical Values. In Exercises 21–24, refer to the information in the given exercise and do the following.
a. Find the critical value(s).
b. Using a significance level of = 0.05, should we reject or should we fail to reject ?
Exercise 19
Finding P-values. In Exercises 5–8, either use technology to find the P-value or use Table A-3 to find a range of values for the P-value.
Airport Data Speeds: The claim that for Verizon data speeds at airports, the mean. The sample size is and the test statistic is
t =-1.625 .
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