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Chapter 1: Q3-2BSC (page 1)
Blinding What does it mean when we say that the study cited in Exercise 1 was “double blind”?
Double blind means neither the patients nor the doctors were aware of the treatment given to each of the patients.
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In Exercises 21–24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Conclusion: If we analyze the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation between white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts, does it follow that higher white blood cell counts are the cause of higher red blood cell counts?
In Exercises 17–20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.)
Subject
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 8 AM | 97 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 97.7 | 98.7 |
| 12 AM | 97.6 | 97.8 | 98 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
Source: The listed body temperatures were obtained from Dr. Steven Wasserman, Dr. Philip Mackowiak, and Dr. Myron Levine, who were researchers at the University of Maryland. Is the source of the data likely to be biased?
In Exercises 29–36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Chillax USA Today reported results from a Research Now for Keurig survey in which 1458 men and 1543 women were asked this: “In a typical week, how often can you kick back and relax?”
a. Among the women, 19% responded with “rarely, if ever.” What is the exact value that is 19% of the number of women surveyed?
b. Could the result from part (a) be the actual number of women who responded with “rarely, if ever”? Why or why not?
c. What is the actual number of women who responded with “rarely, if ever”?
d. Among the men who responded, 219 responded with “rarely, if ever.” What is the percentage of men who responded with “rarely, if ever.”?
e. Consider the question that the subjects were asked. Is that question clear and unambiguous so that all respondents will interpret the question the same way? How might the survey be improved?
In the same study cited in Exercise 1, birth weights of newborn babies are given in grams. Are these birth weights discrete data or continuous data?
Reported versus Measured. In a survey of 1046 adults conducted by Bradley Corporation, subjects were asked how often they wash their hands when using a public restroom, and 70% of the respondents said “always.”
a. Identify the sample and the population.
b. Why would better results be obtained by observing hand washing instead of asking about it?
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