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Chapter 1: Q32BB (page 1)
In Exercises 29–32, indicate whether the observational study used is cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective.
Framingham Heart Study The Framingham Heart Study was started in 1948 and is ongoing. Its focus is on heart disease.
As the study is ongoing, it is a prospective observational study.
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Determine whether the data are from discrete data or continuous data set.
House AttendanceThe Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives records the number of representatives present at each session.
Determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.
Clinical Trials. Researchers at Yale University conduct a wide variety of clinical trials by using subjects who volunteer after reading advertisements soliciting paid volunteers.
Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
MCAT The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) is commonly used as part of the decision-making process for determining which students to accept into medical schools. To test the effectiveness of the Siena MCAT preparation course, 16 students take the MCAT test, then they complete the preparatory course, and then they retake the MCAT test, with the result that the average (mean) score for this group rises from 25 to 30. There is a 0.3% chance of getting those results by chance. Does the course appear to be effective?
In Exercises 21–24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Given the context of the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the measurements?
Question: Reported versus Measured. In a survey of 1046 adults conducted by Bradley Corporation, subjects were asked how often they wash their hands when using a public restroom, and 70% of the respondents said “always.”
a. Identify the sample and the population.
b. Why would better results be obtained by observing hand washing instead of asking about it?
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